{"id":16440,"date":"2020-03-30T07:17:21","date_gmt":"2020-03-30T07:17:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.apen.es\/?p=16440"},"modified":"2020-04-01T10:23:25","modified_gmt":"2020-04-01T10:23:25","slug":"que-es-un-sistema-operatiu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.apen.es\/ca\/bloc\/que-es-un-sistema-operatiu\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s un sistema operatiu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Al principi, els ordinadors no tenien sistemes operatius, sin\u00f3 que s'utilitzaven processaments per lots. A partir dels anys 90 va ser quan van comen\u00e7ar a sorgir, tenint com a punt clau laparici\u00f3 de Windows 95.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El sistema operatiu<\/a><\/strong> fa refer\u00e8ncia al programari que coordina tots els serveis i les aplicacions que utilitza l'usuari, \u00e9s a dir, aquells programes que permeten regular els aspectes m\u00e9s essencials del sistema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Aquests s\u00f3n els SO m\u00e9s utilitzats:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • Windows; \u00c9s dels m\u00e9s populars i al principi es va tractar d'un conjunt d'operatius gr\u00e0fics per proporcionar una representaci\u00f3 visual de suport i altres eines de programari.<\/li>
  • MS-DOS; Sistema de Disc de Microsoft, el qual era dels sistemes m\u00e9s comuns per a ordinadors personals IBM durant els 80 i els 90 i tenia comandes internes i externes, mostrats en una pantalla fosca de forma seq\u00fcencial.<\/li>
  •  Linux UNIX; Es va fabricar amb la idea de ser un sistema portable, multitask i multiusuari, que en realitat conforma una fam\u00edlia de sistemes operatius semblants, que han estat comercialitzats a trav\u00e9s del nucli Linux<\/li>
  • MacOS, \u00e9s el sistema operatiu<\/strong> dels ordinadors Macintosh d'Apple i se'l coneix tamb\u00e9 com OSX o Mac OSX.<\/li>
  • Android; \u00c9s el sistema basat en Linux, que opera en tota mena de dispositius i que va ser desenvolupat per Android Inc. i comprat, despr\u00e9s, per Google.<\/li>
  • Ubuntu; \u00c9s un sistema lliure de codi obert, de manera que tothom el pot modificar sense violar els drets d'autor.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    El SO \u00e9s el protocol b\u00e0sic d'operativitat de l'ordinador, el qual coordina totes les funcions de comunicacions, processament, interf\u00edcie amb l'usuari, etc. Consisteixen en entorns descriptori, gestors de finestres, interf\u00edcies gr\u00e0fiques, que socupen de representar gr\u00e0ficament tots els processos en marxa a lusuari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Quines funcions t\u00e9?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    A m\u00e9s de saber qu\u00e8 \u00e9s un sistema operatiu<\/strong> hem de saber per a qu\u00e8 serveix, com ara permetre que altres programes puguin utilitzar-lo de suport per funcionar correctament, tenint en compte que s\u00f3n la pe\u00e7a de programari clau a la cadena de processos, perqu\u00e8 estableixen les condicions perqu\u00e8 tot funcioni; el m\u00e8tode de comunicaci\u00f3 amb l'usuari i altres sistemes, les apps addicionals, l'administraci\u00f3 de recursos\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Es compon de tres parts essencials: El sistema de fitxers, la interpretaci\u00f3 de comandes i el nucli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    • El sistema de fitxers es refereix al registre de fitxers en qu\u00e8 aquests aconsegueixen una estructura arb\u00f2ria;<\/li>
    • La interpretaci\u00f3 de comandes, les quals permeten comunicar les ordres que d\u00f3na l'usuari en un llenguatge entenedor per al maquinari.<\/li>
    • El Nucli; el qual permet la comunicaci\u00f3, entrada i sortida de dades, la mem\u00f2ria o la gesti\u00f3 de processos.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Un sistema operatiu<\/strong> \u00e9s capa\u00e7 de gestionar la mem\u00f2ria d'acc\u00e9s aleatori i aplicacions, designant els recursos necessaris, adre\u00e7ar entrades i sortides de dades, administrar el CPU mitjan\u00e7ant un algorisme de programaci\u00f3, dirigir autoritzacions d'\u00fas, administrar fitxers, etc.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      En un principio, los ordenadores no ten\u00edan sistemas operativos, sino que se utilizaban procesamientos por lotes. A partir de los…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":16441,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[417,96,416,88],"tags":[529,275,528],"class_list":["post-16440","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualidad","category-sistema-operativo","category-software","category-web","tag-funciones-sistema-operativo","tag-sistema-operativo","tag-so"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u00bfQu\u00e9 es un sistema operativo? - Apen Inform\u00e1tica<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"En un principio, los ordenadores no ten\u00edan sistemas operativos, sino que se utilizaban procesamientos por lotes. 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