{"id":8754,"date":"2018-02-02T15:26:30","date_gmt":"2018-02-02T15:26:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.apen.es\/?page_id=8754"},"modified":"2025-07-14T11:02:01","modified_gmt":"2025-07-14T11:02:01","slug":"firewall","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.apen.es\/ca\/glosario-de-informatica\/firewall\/","title":{"rendered":"Firewall"},"content":{"rendered":"

QU\u00c8 \u00c9S UN FIREWALL?<\/h2>\n\n\n
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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u00c9s una eina encarregada d'analitzar les connexions i controlar el tr\u00e0nsit entre una xarxa local (LAN) i connexions externes d'internet comunament anomenat (WAN). Gestionant la informaci\u00f3 que entra i surt de la xarxa, per garantir una xarxa segura, evitant aix\u00ed que no es produeixin accessos no autoritzats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hist\u00f2ria firewall<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sorgeix l'any 1980 poc despr\u00e9s de l'aparici\u00f3 d'internet amb la finalitat de protegir les dades dels usuaris. Els individus que utilitzaven ordinadors amb connexi\u00f3 a internet anaven augmentant progressivament, en aquella \u00e8poca van ser els mateixos encaminadors que mantenien unes xarxes separades de les altres. A finals dels 80, la comunitat d'internet va tenir violacions de seguretat per part d'alguns usuaris. Clifford Stoll va descobrir la manera de manipular el sistema d'espionatge alemany. Un altre dels atacs va ser el cuc Morris, va ser el primer atac a gran escala de la seguretat a internet, afecte a sis mil servidors i va suposar la primera infracci\u00f3 de la llei de frau i ab\u00fas inform\u00e0tic afectant aproximadament un 10% dels equips connectats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9s un filtre que regula el pas dinformaci\u00f3 entre xarxes. Hi ha milers de ports, on cadasc\u00fa t\u00e9 la seva funci\u00f3 espec\u00edfica. Els ports on es permet una connexi\u00f3 es diu que estan oberts i els ports que no ho permeten estan tancats. Els par\u00e0metres dels tallafocs v\u00e9nen de manera autom\u00e0tica prestables pel mateix ordinador, per\u00f2 poden ser modificades i definides per l'usuari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Funcionament dels firewalls<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El tallafocs normalment es troba al punt d'uni\u00f3 entre dues xarxes. Entre una xarxa p\u00fablica i una xarxa privada, si el tr\u00e0nsit compleix les regles que s'han configurat als tallafocs la informaci\u00f3 podr\u00e0 entrar o sortir de la xarxa. Si no compleix les regles configurades als tallafocs, la informaci\u00f3 es bloquejar\u00e0 sense poder arribar a la destinaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El filtratge de continguts permet als administradors bloquejar f\u00e0cilment alguns tipus de contingut web sense haver de fer-ho manualment amb cada URL individual. Es bloquegen llocs web inadequats i llocs web de xarxes socials de forma r\u00e0pida i senzilla<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Examina la cap\u00e7alera d'un paquet per veure l'origen i el dest\u00ed. A partir d'aqu\u00ed, depenent de com es defineixin les regles el tallafoc actuar\u00e0 d'una manera o altra ja sigui eliminant o reenviant el fitxer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Els tallafocs poden ser:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Firewall de maquinari: <\/strong>Dispositius que es col\u00b7loquen entre el router i la connexi\u00f3 a internet de manera independent, avui dia als routers de banda ampla ja van incorporats. Ajuda a tenir una forta protecci\u00f3 contra possibles atacs com virus, cucs i troians. Aquests aparells necessiten coneixement per a la seva instal\u00b7laci\u00f3, configuraci\u00f3 i monitoritzaci\u00f3 di\u00e0ria.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Firewall de programari: <\/strong>Hi ha dues classes, el gratu\u00eft i el de pagament.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    \u00c9s el programari m\u00e9s com\u00fa dels dos a causa de la senzilla instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 i el preu m\u00e9s econ\u00f2mic. Aquests poden venir instal\u00b7lats o els pot instal\u00b7lar un mateix. Protegeix l'ordinador d'intents externs d'accedir a un ordinador o fins i tot de virus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tipus de tallafocs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Firewall proxy<\/strong>: Sistema de seguretat de xarxa, que a m\u00e9s de seleccionar quin tr\u00e0nsit est\u00e0 perm\u00e8s i quin no, utilitza tecnologia per analitzar profundament els paquets per cercar senyals d'atac.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Stateful inspection firewall<\/strong>: Permet bloquejar el tr\u00e0nsit basat en els criteris a l'estat, port i protocol. Seguiment de lactivitat des de lobertura duna connexi\u00f3 fins que es tanca. El filtratge es pren en funci\u00f3 de les restriccions definides per l'administrador.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Firewall per a gesti\u00f3 unificada d'amenaces (UTM)<\/strong>: Aquest tallafoc se centra en la senzillesa i el seu f\u00e0cil \u00fas. Prevenci\u00f3 d'intrusions i antivirus, cont\u00e9 altres serveis addicionals com la gesti\u00f3 del n\u00favol<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Firewall d'\u00faltima generaci\u00f3: <\/strong>Firewall avan\u00e7at el que permet realitzar m\u00e9s funcions que un simple filtratge, permet: detecci\u00f3 d'aplicacions i control per bloquejar aplicacions que puguin generar riscos<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      NGFW centrat en les amenaces<\/strong>: Ofereix detecci\u00f3 d'amenaces m\u00e9s desenvolupades. Aquest tipus de tallafocs permet: una visi\u00f3 completa podent veure els sectors amb m\u00e9s risc, seguretat automatitzada reaccionant m\u00e9s r\u00e0pidament, pol\u00edtiques unificades que aporten protecci\u00f3 durant l'atac<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u00bfQUE \u00c9S UN FIREWALL? Es una herramienta encargada de analizar las conexiones y controlar el tr\u00e1fico entre una red local (LAN) y conexiones externas de internet com\u00fanmente llamado (WAN). Gestionando la informaci\u00f3n que entra y sale de la red, para garantizar una red segura, evitando as\u00ed que no ocurran accesos no autorizados. Historia firewall Surge…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":6185,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-landing-glosario.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8754","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFirewall - Apen Inform\u00e1tica<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00bfQue es un firewall? Un firewall es una herramienta encargada de analizar las conexiones y controlar el tr\u00e1fico entre una red local (LAN). 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