{"id":7869,"date":"2017-11-03T10:13:41","date_gmt":"2017-11-03T10:13:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.apen.es\/?page_id=7869"},"modified":"2025-07-14T11:08:44","modified_gmt":"2025-07-14T11:08:44","slug":"ransomware","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.apen.es\/ca\/glosario-de-informatica\/ransomware\/","title":{"rendered":"Ransomware"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">QU\u00c8 \u00c9S EL RANSOMWARE?<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/www.apen.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/que-es-el-ransomware-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7870\" style=\"width:400px\" title=\"QU\u00c8 \u00c9S EL RANSOMWARE? - Glossari d&#039;inform\u00e0tica\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.apen.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/que-es-el-ransomware-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.apen.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/que-es-el-ransomware-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/www.apen.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/que-es-el-ransomware-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/www.apen.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/que-es-el-ransomware.png 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>El <strong>ransomware<\/strong> \u00e9s un programa nociu que impedeix l&#039;acc\u00e9s a determinades parts o fitxers del sistema infectat i demana un rescat a canvi d&#039;eliminar aquesta restricci\u00f3. Mitjan\u00e7ant el <strong>ransomware<\/strong>, el ciberdelinq\u00fcent t\u00e9 la capacitat d&#039;encriptar els fitxers de l&#039;equip infectat, llevant el control de tota la informaci\u00f3 de dades emmagatzemades a l&#039;usuari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Es tracta d&#039;un virus malici\u00f3s que demana un rescat a l&#039;usuari, que t\u00e9 l&#039;equip infectat i ha estat v\u00edctima d&#039;un ciberatac, que pagui un rescat a trav\u00e9s de bitcoins, \u00e9s a dir, monedes virtuals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El <strong>ransomware<\/strong> es camufla dins d&#039;un fitxer o programa, perqu\u00e8 l&#039;usuari faci click, per exemple mitjan\u00e7ant un correu electr\u00f2nic atractiu oa trav\u00e9s de v\u00eddeos de p\u00e0gines de dubt\u00f3s origen o en actualitzacions de sistemes i programes fiables, on tamb\u00e9 poden actuar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c9s un virus malici\u00f3s i intel\u00b7ligent, per la qual cosa no \u00e9s f\u00e0cil atacar-lo, per\u00f2 s\u00ed que es pot evitar seguint una s\u00e8rie de pautes com s\u00f3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Actualitzar el sistema operatiu per evitar fallades de seguretat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Instal\u00b7lar un bon antivirus i mantenir-lo actualitzat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>No obrir correus electr\u00f2nics o arxius de gent o empreses que no coneixem<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Evitar navegar per p\u00e0gines no fiables o amb contingut que no sigui verificat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tingues una c\u00f2pia de seguretat actualitzada sempre, per evitar perdre tota la teva informaci\u00f3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>En general, un <strong>ransomware<\/strong> es transmet com un cuc o un troi\u00e0, infectant el sistema operatiu de lusuari, mitjan\u00e7ant una desc\u00e0rrega o explotant una debilitat del programari. Un cop aconsegueixi entrar, el <strong>ransomware<\/strong> s&#039;inicia i xifra els fitxers de l&#039;usuari amb una clau, que nom\u00e9s coneix el mateix creador del <strong>ransomware<\/strong>, perqu\u00e8 l&#039;usuari li reclami aquesta clau per poder recuperar tots els seus arxius, que nom\u00e9s aconseguir\u00e0 con\u00e8ixer a trav\u00e9s d&#039;un rescat, normalment pagat amb moneda virtual, tamb\u00e9 anomenada bitcoin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c9s a dir, que un cop el sistema est\u00e0 infectat, el virus es posa en contacte amb un servidor central per obtenir la informaci\u00f3 que necessita per activar-se i demanar-te el rescat. Xifra el contingut del disc dur de l&#039;usuari i us d\u00f3na instruccions per fer el pagament virtual. Normalment us amena\u00e7a amb un termini temporal, abans d&#039;esborrar definitivament els arxius o pujar el preu del rescat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El&nbsp;<strong>ransomware<\/strong>&nbsp;afecta tot tipus de sistemes: Windows, Mac i Linux, i sol atacar m\u00e9s les empreses que no pas particulars, tenint en compte que podran assumir un benefici econ\u00f2mic m\u00e9s gran quan demanin el rescat a la v\u00edctima en q\u00fcesti\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quan pateixes un ciberatac el que pots fer \u00e9s intentar recuperar les dades que ara estan xifrades, mitjan\u00e7ant l&#039;Incibe (Institut Nacional de Ciberseguretat d&#039;Espanya) a trav\u00e9s del <a href=\"https:\/\/www.certsi.es\/\">CERTSI<\/a> de Seguretat i Ind\u00fastria, que ofereix un servei gratu\u00eft d&#039;an\u00e0lisi i desxifrat de fitxers afectats per <strong>ransomware<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&#039;Incibe recomana no pagar el rescat que t&#039;exigeix <strong>ransomware<\/strong> per recuperar els teus arxius, perqu\u00e8 no hi ha garanties fiables que es complir\u00e0 aquesta promesa. A m\u00e9s, jugant amb el joc i la necessitat de la v\u00edctima, el ciberdelinq\u00fcent pot fer m\u00e9s atacs <strong>ransomware<\/strong> posteriorment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Daltra banda, \u00e9s interessant saber com desinfectar lordinador. A m\u00e9s de comptar amb un antivirus de gran qualitat \u00e9s imprescindible comptar amb un clonat previ dels discos, dels arxius m\u00e9s importants, segons la import\u00e0ncia de les dades afectades. El clonat facilitar\u00e0 la den\u00fancia i pot ser que hi hagi una eina que pugui desxifrar aquests arxius en el futur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Els hackers usen aquesta t\u00e8cnica per poder bloquejar un dispositiu i exigir un rescat a la v\u00edctima, a canvi de recuperar-ne l&#039;acc\u00e9s. Els atacs de <strong>ransomware<\/strong> m\u00e9s populars i, alhora, perillosos, han estat WannaCry, Petya, Cerber, Cryptolocker i Locky.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00bfQUE \u00c9S EL RANSOMWARE? El ransomware es un programa da\u00f1ino que impide el acceso a determinadas partes o archivos del sistema infectado y pide un rescate a cambio de eliminar esta restricci\u00f3n. Mediante el ransomware, el ciberdelincuente tiene la capacidad de encriptar los archivos del equipo infectado, quitando el control de toda la informaci\u00f3n de&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":6185,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-landing-glosario.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7869","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ransomware - 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