{"id":7866,"date":"2017-11-03T10:10:27","date_gmt":"2017-11-03T10:10:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.apen.es\/?page_id=7866"},"modified":"2025-07-14T11:02:30","modified_gmt":"2025-07-14T11:02:30","slug":"maquinari","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.apen.es\/ca\/glossari-dinformatica\/maquinari\/","title":{"rendered":"Maquinari"},"content":{"rendered":"

QU\u00c8 \u00c9S L'HARDWARE?<\/h2>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

El maquinari s\u00f3n aquells elements f\u00edsics o materials que constitueixen un ordinador o un sistema inform\u00e0tic. \u00c9s a dir, s\u00f3n aquelles parts f\u00edsiques d'un sistema operatiu com els seus components el\u00e8ctrics, electr\u00f2nics, electromec\u00e0nics, mec\u00e0nics i qualsevol element f\u00edsic que hi estigui involucrat. Tots formen part del maquinari. \u00c9s la part que podeu veure de l'ordinador, tots els components de la seva estructura f\u00edsica com la pantalla, el teclat, la torre, el ratol\u00ed, etc. El maquinari inclou els components f\u00edsics interns (disc dur, placa mare\u2026) i perif\u00e8rics, com ara la impressora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podem distingir entre maquinari b\u00e0sic, aquell dispositiu necessari per iniciar el funcionament de lordinador (dispositius necessaris per al funcionament de lordinador), i el complementari, per realitzar funcions m\u00e9s espec\u00edfiques. En aquest darrer cas s\u00f3n tots els components o accessoris que t\u00e9 l'ordinador i que no s\u00f3n fonamentals per al bon funcionament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perqu\u00e8 funcioni correctament el maquinari, cal un programari, on es troba la part electr\u00f2nica. Amb la combinaci\u00f3 de programari i maquinari lordinador pot funcionar a la perfecci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quatre generacions de maquinari<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

El maquinari ha viscut una evoluci\u00f3 marcada per l\u201faven\u00e7 tecnol\u00f2gic de cada moment. Podem dividir-ho en quatre generacions diferents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • 1era generaci\u00f3 (1945-1956)<\/strong>. Les primeres m\u00e0quines de c\u00e0lcul van funcionar mitjan\u00e7ant tubs al buit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 2da generaci\u00f3 (1957-1963)<\/strong>. Electr\u00f2nica mitjan\u00e7ant transistors, reduint la mida dels ordinadors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 3era generaci\u00f3 (1964-actualitat)<\/strong>. Electr\u00f2nica de circuits integrats, impresos en pastilles de silici.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 4ta generaci\u00f3 (futur)<\/strong>. Seran aquells dispositius que superin les plaques de silici i incursionin en nous formats computacionals. S'hi especula molt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    De qu\u00e8 es compon el maquinari?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. CPU; <\/strong>Que socupa de processar dades i controlar tots els processos.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Mem\u00f2ria RAM; <\/strong>\u00c9s la mem\u00f2ria de \u201ctreball\u201d del sistema, la que s'utilitza a cada moment per a l'execuci\u00f3 d'aplicacions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Unitats d'emmagatzematge:<\/strong> Dispositius destinats a emmagatzemar les dades del sistema o dusuari.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. Targeta Mare (Motherboard);<\/strong> L'eix central, l'esquelet o el suport en qu\u00e8 es troben connectats els components electr\u00f2nics de l'ordinador.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. Font d'alimentaci\u00f3;<\/strong> La que s'ocupa de subministrar electricitat als diferents circuits de l'aparell electr\u00f2nic a qu\u00e8 es connecta el PC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    6. Mem\u00f2ria ROM (Read Only Memory)<\/strong>; Mem\u00f2ria de lectura, \u00e9s a dir, les dades gravades poden ser llegides per\u00f2 no poden ser modificades per lusuari.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    7. Mem\u00f2ria Cache<\/strong>; Es podria definir com un sistema demmagatzematge dalta velocitat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    8. Disc dur (Hard Disk Drive, HDD)<\/strong>; Mitjan\u00e7ant un sistema d'enregistrament magn\u00e8tic, es converteix en un dispositiu d'emmagatzematge de fitxers digitals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    9. Monitor, teclat, ratol\u00ed.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Tipus de maquinari<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Podem classificar el maquinari en 6 categories:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • Processament: S\u00f3n aquells elements que formen el cor del sistema o de l'ordinador, \u00e9s a dir, la capacitat mec\u00e0nica de realitzar operacions l\u00f2giques.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Emmagatzematge: S\u00f3n aquells elements que et permeten desar la informaci\u00f3 i recuperar-la despr\u00e9s, ja sigui en suports interns de la m\u00e0quina o suports retirables i port\u00e0tils.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Perif\u00e8rics d'entrada: S\u00f3n dispositius de funci\u00f3 concreta, integrats a la m\u00e0quina o removibles, que permeten introduir-hi informaci\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Perif\u00e8rics de sortida S\u00f3n dispositius de funci\u00f3 espec\u00edfica, integrats a la m\u00e0quina o removibles, que permeten extreure o recuperar informaci\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Perif\u00e8rics d'entrada i de sortida: Dispositius que combinen l'entrada i la sortida d'informaci\u00f3 del sistema.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        En definitiva, el maquinari fa refer\u00e8ncia a tots aquells elements f\u00edsics d'un ordinador i \u00e9s una part imprescindible perqu\u00e8 l'ordinador funcioni, sempre de la m\u00e0 del programari. El maquinari s'utilitza per als ordinadors i aparells electr\u00f2nics, estenent-ne les funcions i habilitats no nom\u00e9s als ordinadors sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 als autom\u00f2bils, tel\u00e8fons, c\u00e0meres, etc.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \u00bfQUE \u00c9S EL HARDWARE? El hardware son aquellos elementos f\u00edsicos o materiales que constituyen una computadora o un sistema inform\u00e1tico. Es decir, son aquellas partes f\u00edsicas de un sistema operativo tales como sus componentes el\u00e9ctricos, electr\u00f3nicos, electromec\u00e1nicos, mec\u00e1nicos y cualquier elemento f\u00edsico que est\u00e9 involucrado. Todos ellos forman parte del hardware. Es la parte que…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":6185,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-landing-glosario.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7866","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHardware - Apen Inform\u00e1tica<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00bfQue es el hardware? 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